Stage 4, Demographic Transition Model

In countries including India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan and the United States, population is also expected to increase through 2054 and could potentially peak in the second half of the century or later. Global population growth over the coming decades is expected to be concentrated in urban areas, with cities continuing to absorb most new residents. The large increase in retirees relative to workers is projected to reduce the worker-to-retiree ratio (black line in Panel B of Figure 12) from almost 3.0 today to 2.0 by 2075.

Among the religiously unaffiliated and adherents of non-Christian religions, the median age has remained relatively stable since 2007. Roughly seven-in-ten U.S. adults with no religion are under 50, compared with 44% of religiously affiliated adults. Mainline Protestants, Catholics and evangelical Protestants are among the country’s oldest religiously affiliated populations.

Beginning in 2021, the share of population growth attributed to net foreign migration began to represent demographic a majority of total gains, peaking as high as 90% in 2022. In the post-pandemic period, the weighting of foreign migration versus net births on total population growth has reversed. The expansion of remote work and Iowa’s liberal handling of pandemic restrictions may have contributed to positive domestic migration. In 2021, domestic migration temporarily surged and accounted for over one-third of total population gains. However, domestic migration has rarely contributed to positive population growth. Domestic migration and foreign migration played secondary roles, typically filling the remaining share of growth.

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• For example, Hispanic Americans now make up 18% of Christians, compared with 13% in 2007.
• Hispanic workers are overrepresented in service occupations, construction, and production and transportation, while Black workers concentrate in service and production jobs.
• That being said, Stage 4 of the DTM is viewed as an ideal placement for a country because total population growth is gradual.
• The poor quality of the latest census, distorted migration statistics, and the classification of much demographic data are proof that the authorities are only capable of changing the situation on paper.

The country’s last major milestone was 50 years ago, at its bicentennial on July 4, 1976. The study examined the effect size, age, and niche density of these particular hospitals. For example, a study examined the closure of acute care hospitals in Florida during a specific period.

(Published November 14, 2023) The Commission has studied the issue of demographic differences in sentencing throughout its history. The NRMP website provides a list of participating SMS Fellowship Matches, each including a summary statement, length of training, and applicant eligibility criteria. In addition to the annual Main Residency Match® that facilitates placement for more than 50,000 registrants, the NRMP conducts Fellowship Matches through its Specialties Matching Service® (SMS®). Visit NRMP’s Match Data for additional data reports filtered by topics such as applicant demographics, application and recruitment, applicant type, fellowship outcomes, and residency outcomes. In addition, the dashboard includes trend data, enabling comparisons of MRM applicant demographics across the past five Match cycles. Users can now access clearer, more meaningful views of demographic characteristics by applicant type, Match and SOAP placement status, and specialty.

Supplemental Demographic and Housing Characteristics File (S-DHC)

If agencies identify a disparity in their demographic data, it would normally create a “trigger” obligation to analyze the cause. It’s a type of assessment to identify any demographic groups experiencing barriers to getting hired or promoted into the federal government. They capture information on federal workforce gains and losses, broken down by race, sex, ethnicity and disability, compared across different occupations and pay rates. The annual workforce reports are meant to help fulfill statutory equal employment opportunity (EEO) requirements for agencies. The new instructions apply to EEOC’s Management Directive 715 (MD-715) — a workforce reporting mandate that dates back to 2003 and requires federal agencies to submit demographic data each fiscal year.

Turnover and in internal labor markets

While population change is shaped by both the direction and magnitude of each component, it also matters how Iowa performs relative to other states competing for residents and workforce growth. Iowa added 15,463 fewer residents in 2025 than expected, with that gap widening to 26,273 by 2028. Under the initial February 2025 estimate, which assumed a 63.0% decline in foreign migration, Iowa was projected to see 12,688 fewer residents added in 2025 than the REMI baseline, growing to a cumulative gap of 21,001 by 2028.

Domestic migration has generally tracked slightly below the Midwest median over the past decade, but its relative position deteriorated sharply in the most recent year. Figure 8 places Iowa’s demographic performance in direct comparison with neighboring states that share similar environments. While some population components have remained relatively stable, Iowa’s relative standing across the region has deteriorated across several key measures tied to population momentum and labor force growth.

How the Census Shaped Views of Race

Made up of the prefix demo- and the suffix -graphy, the term demography refers to the overall study of population. Formal demography limits its object of study to the measurement of population processes, while the broader field of social demography (or population studies) also analyses the relationships among economic, social, institutional, cultural, and biological processes that influence a population. The 7.92 million babies born in China in 2025 marked a record low, down 17 per cent from a year earlier, while the country’s population shrank for a fourth straight year.

Setting aside the question of how ethical such measures are, from a demographic perspective they are completely pointless. After the partial successes of the 2010s, with the onset of the full-scale war against Ukraine, rational policy gave way to demographic hysteria. An aging population without an influx of young workers is becoming an overwhelming burden on Russia’s pension and healthcare systems.